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The "14th Five-Year Plan for Intelligent Manufacturing Development (Draft for Comment)"
— Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, April 2021
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Intelligent manufacturing is based on the deep integration of a new generation of information technology with advanced manufacturing technologies, and it runs through all aspects of manufacturing activities such as design, production, management, and service. It is characterized by self-sensing, self-decision making, self-execution, self-adaptation, and self-learning. The aim is to improve the quality, efficiency, and core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. As the main direction of building a powerful manufacturing nation, the level of development in intelligent manufacturing is related to the global status of China's future manufacturing industry. It plays a significant role in accelerating the development of a modern industrial system, strengthening and solidifying the foundation of the real economy, building a new development pattern, and constructing a digital China. To implement the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the 2035 Long-Range Objectives, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" for High-Quality Manufacturing Development, this plan has been compiled to accelerate the development of intelligent manufacturing.

I. Current Situation and Trends

Since the 13th Five-Year Plan, through pilot demonstration applications, cultivation of system solution providers, and the construction of a standard system, among other measures, China's manufacturing industry has significantly improved its level of digitization, networking, and intelligence. A close cooperation between central and local governments, as well as multi-party collaborative promotion, has been established, leading to a positive development trend. The supply capacity has been continuously enhanced, with the market satisfaction rate of intelligent manufacturing equipment in the domestic market exceeding 50%, and there are 43 system solution providers with a main business income exceeding 1 billion yuan. The support system is gradually being perfected, with the construction of an internationally leading standard system, the release of 285 national standards, and the leading development of 28 international standards; more than 70 industrial internet platforms with certain influence have been cultivated. The effectiveness of promotion and application is evident, with pilot demonstration projects showing an average increase in production efficiency of 45%, an average reduction in product development cycles of 35%, and an average decrease in the rate of defective products by 35%. New models and business forms such as discrete intelligent manufacturing, process intelligent manufacturing, network collaborative manufacturing, large-scale personalized customization, and remote operation and maintenance services have emerged.

With the deepening development of the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, breakthroughs in new generation information technology, biotechnology, new material technology, new energy technology, and others continue to occur. These are accelerating the integration with advanced manufacturing technology, providing historical opportunities for the high-end, intelligent, and green development of the manufacturing industry. At the same time, the international environment is becoming increasingly complex, global scientific and technological, and industrial competition is becoming more intense, and strategic games among major powers are further focusing on the manufacturing industry. The United States' "Advanced Manufacturing Leadership Strategy," Germany's "National Industrial Strategy 2030," Japan's "Society 5.0," and the European Union's "Industry 5.0," all with the revitalization of the manufacturing industry at their core, use intelligent manufacturing as the main approach to strive for a dominant position in the new round of global manufacturing competition.

At present, China has entered a stage of high-quality development, is in a critical period of transforming development methods, optimizing economic structures, and transforming growth drivers. However, issues such as the low adaptability of manufacturing supply to market demand, challenges to the stability of industrial chains and supply chains, and tightening constraints on resource and environmental factors are becoming prominent. Standing at the historic intersection of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation with China's accelerated transformation of economic development methods, we must resolutely take intelligent manufacturing as the main direction of attack. We should promote industrial technological transformation and optimization and upgrading, drive a fundamental change in the manufacturing industry model and corporate form, use "innovation" to drive "reform," improve quality, efficiency, and benefits, reduce resource and energy consumption, unblock industrial chains and supply chains, and help achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. We aim to promote China's manufacturing industry towards the middle and upper reaches of the global value chain.

II. Overall Approach

(1) Guiding Ideology
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee. Based on the new development stage, implement new development concepts, and build a new development pattern. Deepen reform and opening up, coordinate development and security, and take the deep integration of new generation information technology and advanced manufacturing technology as the main line. Focus on enhancing innovation, supply, support capabilities, and application levels, accelerate the construction of an intelligent manufacturing development ecosystem, and promote the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of the manufacturing industry. Provide strong support for promoting high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, accelerating the construction of a powerful manufacturing nation, and building new international competitive advantages.

(2) Fundamental Principles
Adhere to market leadership. Fully leverage the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, strengthen the main position of enterprises in the development of intelligent manufacturing. Better play the role of the government in strategic planning guidance, standard and regulation formulation, and public service supply, create a favorable environment, and stimulate the endogenous motivation of various market entities.
Adhere to innovation-driven development. Regard technological self-reliance and strength as the strategic support for the development of intelligent manufacturing, strengthen collaborative innovation among industry, academia, research, and application, and focus on breaking through key core and system integration technologies. Support enterprises, universities, research institutes, and other organizations to form innovation alliances, carry out technology, process, equipment, software, management, and model innovation.
Adhere to integrated development. Strengthen interdisciplinary and cross-domain cooperation, promote the deep integration of new generation information technology and advanced manufacturing technology. Play the leading role of leading enterprises, promote deep interconnection and collaborative response of industrial chains and supply chains, drive the synchronous improvement of digital and intelligent levels of upstream and downstream enterprises, and achieve integrated development of large, medium, small, and micro enterprises.
Adhere to systematic advancement. Focusing on the new stage and new requirements, comprehensively consider regional and industry development differences, strengthen forward-looking thinking, overall planning, strategic layout, and holistic advancement, fully leverage the enthusiasm of localities, industries, and enterprises, and systematically promote the innovative development of intelligent manufacturing in a hierarchical and classified manner.

(3) Development Path and Objectives
The key to advancing intelligent manufacturing is to base on the essence of manufacturing, closely integrate intelligent characteristics, take processes and equipment as the core, data as the foundation, and rely on manufacturing units, workshops, factories, supply chains, and industrial clusters as carriers to build a virtual-real integration, knowledge-driven, dynamically optimized, and safe and efficient intelligent manufacturing system. As a continuous evolution and iterative improvement system project, intelligent manufacturing requires long-term persistence and phased implementation. By 2025, digitalization will be basically popularized among large-scale manufacturing enterprises, and key industry backbone enterprises will initially achieve intelligent transformation. By 2035, digitalization will be fully popularized among large-scale manufacturing enterprises, and backbone enterprises will basically achieve intelligent transformation.

Specific objectives for 2025 are:
- Transformation and upgrading are significantly effective. More than 50% of large-scale manufacturing enterprises have achieved a maturity level of 2 or above in intelligent manufacturing capabilities, and more than 20% and 15% of key industries and regions have achieved a level of 3 or above. Manufacturing enterprise production efficiency, product yield, energy resource utilization, and other aspects have significantly improved.
- Supply capabilities are significantly enhanced. The technological level and market competitiveness of intelligent manufacturing equipment and industrial software have significantly improved, with market satisfaction rates exceeding 70% and 50%, respectively. The number of system solution providers with a main business income of over 5 billion yuan reaches 10 or more.
- Foundation support is more solid. Build a number of innovation carriers and public service platforms in the field of intelligent manufacturing, and form a service network. Revise and formulate more than 200 national and industry standards for intelligent manufacturing. Build more than 120 industrial internet platforms with industry and regional influence.

III. Key Tasks

(1) Accelerate System Innovation and Enhance New Dynamics of Integrated Development
Strengthen the leading role of scientific and technological support, promote interdisciplinary and cross-domain integrated innovation, wage key core and system integration technology battles, build and improve the innovation network, and continuously enhance innovation efficiency.

1. Strengthen the Breakthrough of Key Core Technologies
Focus on the entire manufacturing process, including design, production, management, and services, to break through basic technologies such as design simulation and hybrid modeling. Develop and apply advanced process technologies such as additive manufacturing and ultra-precision machining. Overcome common technologies such as intelligent sensing, high-performance control, human-machine collaboration, lean management and control, and supply chain collaboration. Research and develop the applicability of technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G, big data, and edge computing in the industrial field.
2. Accelerate Breakthroughs in System Integration Technologies
Build manufacturing equipment, production process-related data dictionaries, and information models for manufacturing carriers such as equipment, units, workshops, and factories. Develop universal data integration and cross-platform, cross-domain business interconnectivity technologies for production processes. Develop cross-enterprise multi-source information interaction and whole-chain collaborative optimization technologies for the industrial chain and supply chain. Break through technologies for the planning, design, modeling, simulation, analysis, and optimization of intelligent manufacturing systems for the entire manufacturing process.
3. Accelerate the Construction of Innovation Networks
Build a number of manufacturing innovation centers around key processes, work machines, digital twins, and industrial intelligence, and carry out research and development of key common technologies. Promote the construction of industrialization promotion institutions and accelerate the transfer and transformation of intelligent manufacturing innovation achievements. Build a number of experimental verification platforms to accelerate the promotion and application of intelligent manufacturing equipment and systems. Encourage enterprises to lead the construction of innovation platforms and promote the agglomeration of innovation resources.

(2) Deepen the Application and Promotion, Open New Paths for Transformation and Upgrading
Focus on the needs of enterprise, regional, and industry transformation and upgrading, build intelligent manufacturing systems around factories, enterprises, and industrial chain supply chains, carry out multi-scenario, whole-chain, and multi-level application demonstrations, and cultivate and promote new models and business forms of intelligent manufacturing.
1. Carry out the Construction of Intelligent Manufacturing Demonstration Factories
Accelerate the deep integration of new-generation information technology with the entire manufacturing process and all elements, promote manufacturing technology breakthroughs, process innovation, and business process reengineering, to achieve ubiquitous perception, data integration, integrated interconnection, human-machine collaboration, and analysis and optimization, and build digital, networked, and intelligent demonstration factories. Guide "chain masters" to build supply chain collaboration platforms, driving upstream and downstream enterprises to implement intelligent upgrades simultaneously. Encourage localities and industries to carry out multi-scenario, multi-level application demonstrations, and cultivate and promote new models such as generative design, network collaborative manufacturing, large-scale personalized customization, predictive maintenance, and remote operation and maintenance services.
2. Accelerate the Development of Industry Digitization and Networking
For the characteristics and pain points of sub-industries in fields such as equipment manufacturing, electronic information, raw materials, and consumer goods, develop implementation roadmaps for intelligent manufacturing, and advance digitization and networking transformations in steps and phases. Support enterprises with conditions and foundations to increase investment in technological transformation, continuously promote process innovation, equipment upgrading, and intelligent production processes. Implement special actions to empower small and medium-sized enterprises with digitization, and focus on improving the level of digitization and networking development for small and medium-sized enterprises. Build industry transformation promotion institutions, accelerate the deep application of data, standards, and solutions. Organize experience exchanges and supply-demand docking activities, and summarize and promote new technologies, new equipment, and new models of intelligent manufacturing.
3. Promote Regional Manufacturing Industry Digitization Transformation
Encourage localities to innovate and improve policy systems and explore characteristic regional intelligent manufacturing development paths. Promote cross-regional cooperation in key technological innovation, supply-demand docking, talent cultivation, and other aspects of intelligent manufacturing. Encourage localities, industry organizations, leading enterprises, and others to jointly promote advanced technologies, equipment, standards, and solutions, accelerating the entry of intelligent manufacturing into clusters and parks. Support regions with distinctive industrial characteristics, urgent transformation needs, and good basic conditions to build intelligent manufacturing pilot zones, creating sources of technological innovation, demonstration application agglomeration areas, and exporters of key equipment and solutions for intelligent manufacturing.

(3) Strengthen Independent Supply and Expand New Advantages of the Industrial System
Relying on the strong domestic market, accelerate the development of equipment, software, and system solutions, cultivate and grow emerging industries of intelligent manufacturing, and accelerate the improvement of the supply system's adaptability to lead and drive the optimization and upgrading of the industrial system.
1. Vigorously Develop Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment
Focus on the weak links in perception, control, decision-making, and execution processes, strengthen university-industry-research cooperation, and break through a number of "neck-blocking" basic components and devices. Promote the deep integration of advanced processes, information technology, and manufacturing equipment, and drive the accelerated development and iterative upgrading of general and specialized intelligent manufacturing equipment through the construction of intelligent workshops/factories. Promote the innovative application of new technologies such as digital twins and artificial intelligence, and develop a number of internationally advanced new intelligent manufacturing equipment.
2. Jointly Develop Industrial Software Products
Support software companies, equipment manufacturers, users, and research institutes to strengthen collaboration, jointly develop core software for the entire product life cycle and all aspects of the manufacturing process, research and develop embedded industrial software and integrated development environments, and develop integrated industrial software platforms for specific industries. Promote the software-based industrial knowledge and open-source architecture, accelerate the cloud deployment of industrial software. Rely on major projects and backbone enterprises to carry out demonstrations of secure and controllable industrial software applications.
3. Focus on Creating System Solutions
Encourage intelligent manufacturing system solution providers to strengthen supply-demand interaction and joint innovation with users, promote the system integration and deep integration of processes, equipment, software, and networks, and develop solutions for typical scenarios and specific industries. Focus on the characteristics and needs of small, medium, and micro enterprises, develop lightweight, easy-to-maintain, and low-cost solutions. Standardize the development of intelligent manufacturing system solution providers, and guide the provision of professional, high-level, one-stop integrated services.

(4) Consolidate Basic Support and Build New Guarantees for Intelligent Manufacturing
Aim at the development trend of intelligent manufacturing, improve and perfect standards, information infrastructure, security guarantees, and other development foundations, and strive to build a complete, reliable, advanced, applicable, and secure autonomous support system.
1. Deepen Standardization Work
Continuously optimize the top-level design of standards, promote the construction of national intelligent manufacturing standard systems and industry application standard systems in a coordinated manner. Accelerate the revision and development of basic common and key technology standards, and promote the formation of a standard group that coordinates and complements each other in national standards, industry standards, group standards, and enterprise standards in intelligent equipment and intelligent factories. Accelerate the implementation of standards, support enterprises in building intelligent workshops/factories based on standards. Actively participate in international standardization work and promote the synchronized development of high-tech readiness national standards with international standards.
2. Improve Information Infrastructure
Accelerate the large-scale deployment of new network infrastructure such as industrial internet, internet of things, 5G, and gigabit optical networks, encourage enterprises to carry out internal and external network upgrades and transformations, and enhance on-site perception and data transmission capabilities. Strengthen the construction of industrial data centers, intelligent computing centers, and other computing power infrastructure to support the application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence. Support large group enterprises and industrial parks in building industrial internet platforms with distinctive features around internal resource integration, product life cycle management, industrial chain supply chain collaboration, and small and medium-sized enterprise services, to achieve effective integration and management of all elements and the entire industrial chain data.
3. Strengthen Security Guarantees
Focus on the security needs of intelligent manufacturing, promote the construction of network security, information security, and functional security in a coordinated manner, and promote the in-depth application of cryptographic technology. Strengthen network security and industrial data classification and grading management, and promote industrial data governance. Improve the multi-level industrial control information security monitoring and early warning network covering the national, local, and enterprise levels. Increase the supply of network security industries, promote the pilot application of specialized products. Cultivate industrial security service institutions to enhance service capabilities such as diagnosis, consultation, design, and implementation. Implement the main responsibility of enterprise security protection, guide enterprises to establish technical protection systems and security management systems that meet policy and standard requirements.

IV. Safeguard Measures

(1) Strengthen Overall Coordination
Promote the establishment of a coordination mechanism involving multiple departments such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and the Market Supervision Administration, to comprehensively promote intelligent manufacturing. Strengthen central-local coordination and cooperation, encourage local governments to introduce supporting policies and laws and regulations, guide the aggregation of various social resources, and form a systematic work pattern. Fully utilize the role of the Intelligent Manufacturing Expert Consultation Committee and related research institutions and think tanks to conduct forward-looking and strategic research on major issues. Encourage enterprises to accelerate the implementation of intelligent manufacturing based on their own realities, and continuously ensure safety production and environmental protection.

(2) Increase Fiscal, Tax, and Financial Support
Strengthen support for intelligent manufacturing in national major science and technology projects, key research and development programs, industrial foundation renovation projects, and special projects to enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. Optimize insurance compensation and incentive policies for the first set (suite) of major technological equipment, promoting the application and promotion of intelligent manufacturing equipment. Encourage the National Manufacturing Transformation and Upgrading Fund, the Advanced Manufacturing Industry Investment Fund, the National SME Development Fund, and various social capital to increase investment in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Guide financial institutions to provide medium and long-term loan support for corporate intelligent transformation, and develop financial products such as supply chain finance and financial leasing that are tailored to the characteristics of intelligent manufacturing.

(3) Strengthen Talent Support
Regularly compile talent demand forecast reports and directories of talent shortages for intelligent manufacturing, and introduce industry standards for the capabilities required by intelligent manufacturing practitioners. Support the construction of high-skilled talent training bases for intelligent manufacturing. Strengthen digital skills training for in-service and job transfer personnel, promote the upgrading of technical and knowledge structures for practitioners, and advance the construction of industry-education integrated enterprises. Deepen the construction of new engineering education, build a number of modern industrial colleges for intelligent manufacturing, strengthen the construction of related disciplines, professional courses, and accelerate the training of high-end talents. Promote the spirit of entrepreneurship and craftsmanship, encourage the development of intelligent manufacturing innovation and entrepreneurship, technical skills competitions.

(4) Enhance Public Services
Encourage industry organizations, local governments, industrial parks, research institutes, leading enterprises, and others to build public service platforms for intelligent manufacturing, supporting standard test and verification platforms to enhance service capabilities such as inspection and testing, consulting diagnosis, and training promotion. Develop standards for public service platforms for intelligent manufacturing, and build a service network that complements each other and develops in a coordinated manner. Establish a long-term evaluation mechanism, encourage third-party institutions to conduct assessments of the maturity of intelligent manufacturing capabilities, and research and publish industry and regional development indices for intelligent manufacturing.

(5) Deepen Open Cooperation
Strengthen exchanges with relevant countries, regions, and international organizations to carry out cooperation in technological research and development, standard development, demonstration applications, testing and certification, and personnel training in intelligent manufacturing. Encourage multinational companies, foreign research institutions, etc., to build intelligent manufacturing R&D centers, demonstration factories, personnel training centers, etc., in China. Relying on the joint "Belt and Road" initiative, BRICS, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP), and other international cooperation mechanisms, encourage the "going global" of intelligent manufacturing equipment, software, standards, and solutions.

V. Organization and Implementation

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with relevant departments, will be responsible for the organization and implementation, supervision, and evaluation of the plan. Each relevant department will take effective policy measures according to their responsibilities to ensure the implementation of key tasks. Localities should promptly formulate implementation plans that align with the plan, implement relevant supporting policies, and ensure information feedback. Relevant industry organizations should fully play the role of a bridge and link to promote the implementation of the plan. Departments, localities, and relevant industry organizations should strengthen the summary and promotion of intelligent manufacturing experience models.

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